management Back Forwards
Accounting: Financial considerations
 

The liquidity position is monitored carefully by 'cash budgeting' and any cash requirements are planned for as far as possible. However, a number of factors may be monitored which can indicate potential liquidity problems.

Apart from unusual major cash payments that have to be specifically budgeted for (i.e. tax or dividend payments, or major investments) the liquidity position is determined by the management of working capital items and the overall need for working capital. Working capital requirements will tend to increase as a company grows in size and makes a larger volume of sales. An increased value of sales turnover will tend to result in a greater value of sales remaining unpaid at any one time (i.e. more debtors), more stocks of raw materials, work in progress, and finished goods to support the increased volume of activity (although Just-In-Time approaches are changing the relationship between throughput and inventory holdings).

 

Also, the greater volume of activity will result in more bought in supplies which will increase the credit taken by the company from suppliers (increased creditors) - this offsets the increase in debtors somewhat.

A company that fails to make proper long-term capital provision for this increase in working capital to service a higher level of activity is 'overtrading' and risks liquidity problems. Liquidity problems can be monitored by relating the total working capital and the individual items of working capital (stocks, debtors, creditors) to sales turnover. If the relationships change significantly problems may be indicated. For instance, an increase in creditors and a decrease in debtors might indicate 'overtrading' - relying on short-term creditors to finance the increased working capital requirement, while restricting credit sales.